Container



June 27,1944. R. R. WAL'ToN n 2,352,503

' CONTAINER l Filed April 16, 1941 '7 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jun 27, 1944. R. R. wAL'roN 2 CONTAINER Filed Apr-11 16, v1941 '7 sheets-sheet 3 June 27, 1944. iR. R; WALTQN 2,352,503

CONTAINER Filed April 16, 1941 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 WALTON K 2,352,503

CONTAINER Filed April 16, 1941 n '7 SheeiS-Shee'a 5 June 27, 1944- R. R. WALTON 2,352,503

CONTAINER Filed April 16, 1941 7 sheets-sheets .fra/enfer# IDL'CCUTZ @afi/07?,

Patented June 27, `1944 UNITED e STATES LPATENT OFFICE n v 121,352,503 "l l w CONTAINER Richard R. Walton, Wellesley, Mass., assigner of one-half to Container Coi-poration of America, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Delaware. and

one-half to Dewey & Almy Chemical Company,

a corporation of Massa- Camhridge, Mass.. chusetts Applicatimapril 16, 1941, serial No. 388,187

25 Claims.

'I'he present invention relates to containers and more particularly to collapsible containers for the retention and packaging lof liquids, semiliquids, relatively small solids, and the like. It also relates to an improved method of packaging the same using such containers.

One object of the present invention is to provide an improved container` including a lining element therefor adaptedv for the effective retention of liquid, semi-liquid and vsmall solid materials andthe subsequent dispensing thereof.

Another object of the invention is to provide an effective 'form of 'line'd container adapted to retain the contents thereof out of Contact with air and to provide means for enabling a y portion of the contents to be dispensed and the container effectively resealed'tov maintainthe y contents out of contact with air` until further amounts of the contents of the container are required. f

Another object of the invention is toprovide a container including means for facilitating filling the container with liquid and other materials, such means also ybeing effective for facilitating hermetic sealingr of the contents.

Still another Objectis to provide an improved method of packaging perishable products, particularly such products as. eggs, fruit juices, berries, vegetables and the like.

Additional and more specific objects of the invention will becomeapparent as the description proceeds.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a perspective view illustrating separated parts of a construction embodying the present invention comprising a container and inner packing elements;

Figure 2 is a perspective view illustrating the manner of associating a bag lining element and reinforcing rim; v

Figure 3 is a fragmentary sectional, detailed view of the portion of the bag and rim element;

Figure 4' is a perspective view illustrating va container with assembled bagliningv element therein, having the reinforcing rim supported on the vedges of the container as infllling position; A

Figure 5 is a fragmentary perspective view illustrating the manner of closing the container by twisting the neck of the ybag and disposing the reinforcing rim element within the upper part of the container; f

Figure 6 is a detailed perspective view showing a modified form of reinforcing rim element;

Figure 7 `is a fragmentary perspectiveA view showing a bag lining element having its upper portion associated with the rim illustrated in Figure 6;A 4

Figure 8 is a fragmentary perspective view villustrating the manner "of associating this form of rim and bag lining l'element with acontainer;

Figure 9 is a perspective view somewhat lsimilar to Figure 8 illustrating the lining element as closed with therim element partially inserted into the top part of the container; y f

lFigure 1071sv a perspective view of a third modified form of reinforcing rim element for the bag lining element; I

Figure 11 is a fragmentary perspective view illustrating the mannerof assembling vthe mouth of the bag with the rim element and resting the latter upon the edges of the-container preparatory of filling the bag; f'

` Figure 12 'is a fragmentary'p'erspectlve view illustratingy the vbag in'closed "condition with the rim element disposed withinthe'upper portion of the container; *t t f j Figure /13 is a perspective viewof a fourth modified vform vof reinforcing rim element;

F'gure 14 is a perspective view of a bag lining element associated with this form yof rim element;Y Figure 15 is a perspective view lof a-container constructed to vcooperate with the assembled vrim and, bag elements illustrated in Figure 14; Figure 16 is a fragmentary perspective view of a container constructed `as illustrated in Figure 15 and having an assembled rim and bag element associated therewith; w

Figure 17 is a plan view of the blank of ythe rimelementillustrated in Figure 13 Figure 18 is a perspective View of a fifth modifled formof reinforcing rim element;

Figurev 19 is a fragmentary perspective View illustrating the manner of associating this form of rim and bag lining element with ya container; Figure 20- is a -fragmentary perspective view illustrating av filled bag which has beenclosed and having the rim element folded and disposed within the upper partfof the container;

Figure 21 is a perspective view of a sixth modi'- ed form of reinforcing rimelement;

Figure 22 is a fragmentary'perspective:.view, with certain'parts shown krin section, illustratingthe rim element of Figure 21 in place Within i L the upper part of a container; y 'A Figure 23 is a fragmentary perspective view illustrating a seventh modifledform'o'f reinforcing rim element assembled with a bag lining ele-y ment which has been ued, the rim-e1ement having beenvdisposed within the upper part of a l container;

lustrating the manner of associating the bag andclosure element illustrated in` Figure 24 Within an enclosing container;

Figure 26 is a perspective view illustrating the same bag and closure element within a container Y,

before the container has beenclosed by the-closure flaps carried thereby; h

Figures 27 to 31, inclusive, are views illustrating various steps in a method of utilizing bags and containers of the form illustrated in Figures 1 to 5, inclusive.

Figure 32 is a perspective view of a modified form of container according to the presentinvention;

Figure 33 is a fragmentary perspective view illustrating the manner in which a bag such as shown in Figure 1 is stretched over the top flaps of the container of Figure 32 for filling;

Figure 34 is a fragmentary perspective'view illustrating one methodof sealing the i'llled bag;

Figure 35 is a fragmentaryperspective view i1'- lustrating a preferred manner of maintaining the seal obtained as shownin Figure 34;

Figure 36 is a fragmentary perspective view showing an alternative method of sealing the bag'; and Figure 37 isa Afragmentary perspective view illustrating a preferred manner of removing materialrf'r'om the bag. y

The present invention, as herein disclosed, provides a container adapted for thel retention,`

shipment and storage of perishable. commodities, and particularlyy liquid or fluent materials such as eggs, fruit juices, berries in syrup, and for re1- atively Asamll solids such as cherries,A sliced peaches or apples, peas,` lima beans,cut corn, blueberries, etc., which it is desired to preserve in afrozen condition. The container comprises essentially a carton which may, for example, be

I0 comprises a body, neck and mouth portions and is preferably of more or less tubular form and can be formed of flexible material.

'I'he collar II will preferably be made to conform to the interior dimension of a carton I2 which is to be employed to retain the bag I0 after filling.A In the present instance the carton I2 is shown of elongated, rectangular shape and the collar will preferably be of similar shape and capable of fitting within the top of the carton as illustrated in Figure 5.

Forthe purpose of associating the bag and the collar the preferred sequence of steps is to stretch the mouth of the bag over the collar and then pass the bag downthrou'gh the opening I3, as illustrated in Figure 2. The bag, while in empty condition, may be placed within the carton I2 with` the collar II resting on the upper edges of the walls of the carton, as illustrated in Figure 4. The bag, in this position withv the mouth portion distended, is now ready to receive the contents which may be introduced in any well-known manner by lling machinery or by hand. After a proper amount of material has been introduced into.the` bag, the collar element II will preferably be turned several times to twist the bag neck as illustrated in Figure 5. 'I'his will seal the contents of the bag and keep the contents from contact with air. The contents of the bag can then of relatively heavypaperboard material and an tially impervious to liquids and water vapor and is preferably elastic, means being provided for innerbag of a flexible materialwhich is substanpreventing thev upper portionor mouth of this y bag from moving or untwisting withrespect` to the carton after the bag has been filled. 4'Iheinvention also includes the improved methodof packaging commodities employing this type of container. i

In one of its formsthe vmeans for holding the mouth of the bag in position after filling is a collar or vreinforcing element for the upper Aedge or mouth of the exible bag which enables the mouth of the bag to .be held in a distended condition and. which can be readily grasped by the fingers of the operator. By turningi this collar, the mouth of the bagcan be closed by twisting after the fluent or other materials have been introduced into the bag to provide a hermetically sealed container, and can be opened again for dispensing all or a part of the contents. When only a part of the contents have been removed, simple turning of the collar will againproduce a seal to protect the remaining materialrv n Referring more particularly ito vthe drawings,

be frozen and the carton may then be closed by the closure flaps Il', I5, I6 and I1.

`If desired, the bagl may be lled with material after which it is supported in a form and the contents may be frozen in this form with the collar intwisted condition so that it is ready to be inserted into a carton. All that is .necessary then is to seal the carton and the package is ready for shipment.`

When it is desired to use the material in the carton, this may conveniently be done byopening up the aps and thawing the contents of the bag, then, by raising the collar II so that it will be removed from the top of the carton, it is turned to untwist the neck of the bagjthen deposited, as illustrated in Figure 4, on the s ide Walls of the carton. In this position it is possble topour lout the desired amount of the contents and when no more of the content of the bag is required, thebag is then sealed by again turning the collar to twist the bag neck and the carton may then be closed and placed in a refrigerator so as to keep the material in a cool condition until more is needed.

collar element and allowing the body of the bag to extend down through the opening 23 of the collar. The carton 22 employed with this bag and there isindicated at Figure 1 abag Illv having a f collar assembly is preferably of elongated rectangular form. The collar is preferably of generally oval `form and is providedk with foldable elements in the form of naps k2| a which are defined from the mainl portion of the collar by score lines 2lb. The score lines lbdefine a shape substantially conforming with the interior ofthe container 22 so that. when the `iiaps 2Ia are turned atright angles withrelation to the collar element it is possible to insert the collar element into the carton and the collar will be held from rotationalmovement. Thus, as explained above, when the bag has been filled with Y a liquid or other commodity it can be closed by rotating the collar element to 'twist the neck of the bag, then upon the flaps being folded downi ton in the presentinstance'be elongated in plan,

itbeing only necessary that the narrow dimension is not greatly in excess of the dlstancebeingvthe neck of the bag. It-isthus apparent that the. collar does noty need to belifted more than a, small amountto enabley itto be turned with respect Ato the carton andthe bag; therein.

In forming the collar -4I it issuicient to have two yof theside portionsk of a lengthto bridge tween opposite fold linesZlb. When it is desired lto dispense'a portionof the contents in this form of the invention the' collar is lifted to allowit to be turned to untwist the neck of the bag and the collar may then be reinserted into the open top of the carton, after which the contents of the bag t may be poured out o r as muchthereof as desired.

Dueto the construction of the collar, including the flaps Zla, it is possible to obtain a somewhat more firm retention-of the collar in place within the upper part of the carton than is the case with respect to the collarvillustrated'in Figures 1 to 5 inclusive. 1 Y

i In the form of the invention illustrated in Figures 10, 1l and 12, a `bag 4|) is provided having a collar element 4I` secured to its mouth by stretching the mouth o f the bag overthe collar element in a manner similar to that previously described. The carton 42 is preferably of elongated, rectangular shape and'isprovided with closure aps 43, 44, 45 and 46. I The collar element 4| is preferablyin theforin of aparallelogram having'side portions 48, 48vk of 'a length suicien't to' bridge across they narrow dimension of the carton; The side portions 41, 41 arepreferably provided `with ap extensions 49, 49,l respectively, projecting downwardly so that when the collar has been placed in position to bridge across thenarrow dimension ofthe carton, as illustratedin Figure .11,7 the flap portion '49 will tend to retainthe down-turned flaps 43 and 45 against or adjacent the outer surfaces of their attached side walls. While in this position'the bag may befllled with material or lthe material may be dispensed from vthe bag. After filling the bagwith the desired amount of material, the collar'can be somewhat raised to -clear the upper` edges of the'carton side walls,l then turned to twist the neck of the bag and protect the contents from air, after which the collar may be reinserted into the carton as illustrated in Figurer 12,` For this purpose the collar is altered from a rectangular shape to diamond shape so that the distance betweenthe sides 41, 41 will be decreased to permit the collar` to fit the interior of the carton. Y. `To facilitate hinging movement of the side portions of the collar withv respect to each other, the collar is preferably formed of a strip of folding carton board having the ends thereof overlapping across the narrow dimension of-:the carton. "The other two side portions of the'collar can be -oi! A any convenient lengthy soas to cause the mouth of the bag to be sufficiently distended forl filling and dispensing purposes. v 1

lAfter the collar portionhas4 beenturned to twistvthe neckof .the bag `and the collar'thereafter vinserted within the ftop portion ofr the car-- "t'on, as, illustrated` in Fig`.12, thecart'on'is then readytok be closed by folding in'andseaIing the closure aps inany'well known manner.

-In the` form ofthe invention Yillustrated in Figures1; ltog17 inclusive, la :bag 60 isA provided having a collar element 6l secured to itslmouth by stretching the-mouth of thevbag over the collar element in a manner similar to that previously described. Ihe carton-62 may be of 'any desired shape, being herein illustrated as rectangular in plan. The carton is preferably formed with overlapping closure flaps 63, 64, 65 and 66.

lThe flap 63A ispreferably apertured at 61 to receive the mouth of the bag 60, the flaps 64 and 65V arevshort aps,;.attached,to two opposite'side wallsLand have their free `edge, portions shaped ltojconform tothe shapeof the *aperture in the nap S3,and the flap 66 isjan outer closure ap preferably Vconforming in 'size and shape to the aperture 61.,VV f

upper end of theA carton to completely close the ,The collarl is preferably vof such l size 'and yshapekas to lie within the contour of 'the closure flaps ofthe carton when 'the -collar'is in place, as illustrated in Figure 16. Intheipresentinstance the'collar is'shown as generally -circular in -form and .is providedY withan aperture-6la. vFor the and secured together, the strip being scored to the upperedges ofthe side walls when it is desired to turn the collar for the purpose of twistpurpose of lockingothe collar 6| withrespect to the apertured ilap ,63,,there are.y provided twol locking tabs 12,12 hingedly connected at13` on the collar by means of a score line formed in the .collar and having laterally f projecting portions 14, 14 sol that the ytabs 12 willfha've a T-forma-y tion.` The arrangement is such thatwhen the tabs 1,2,arye swungV downwardly to a substantial#` ly right-angularv position with'respect to the col,v

lar -6 Il, the tabs will enter the aperture 61l inf-the fiap ,63 and, when-released, the projecting'por tions 14 will engagethe underlying edge portions ofthe material around theaperture 61. By this construction the collar is' retained against separation from` the apertured/ilap 63 and is frictionally maintained against'rotating movement` with respect to the carton but this'f'rictional retention isI n ot sufficiently strong to prevent intentionaliotation of .the collar when it'1 is de@l sired to vtwist the neck ofthe'bag in closing ther bag or, conversely,tountwist theneck of the bag when it is Adesired to dispense a portion or all of the contents; y. y ,v

As indicated alcove,-4 the Abag isr assembled to the 'collarby stretchingthe mouth ofthe bagl over the collar'and this'is ypreferably done while vthe tabs 12, 12 are in a ,downwardly displaced condition so that the edges of the bag that engage on the under sideof the'collar` will not en-.

gage thetabs'. Thus, lthe tabs arer free to be` swung into and outof engaging relationshipiwith the edge portions of the aperture 61. After thev collar and the bag have beenjassembled the bodyy of the bag maybe introduced' into lthe carton 82; is herein illustrated l it. 4Due to the frictional relationship of the collarwith the-apertured flap, untwisting of the neck of the bag will be resisted.' Subsequent securing of the flap 60 over the collar 6| will still further increase the resistance to rotary movement of the collar and thus maintain` the bag inclosed condition during shipment and storage. The flap 66, may be held in closed position inany suitable way, such as-by means of a strip, of gummed tape. In therpresent instance the flap G6 is 'provided with'a locking tongue 66a adapted to be inserted,for locking engagement with the `hingeportion of fiap` 63, by vinserting it into th slot 60h formed along thehinge line` between the. flap 63 and the cartn side wall to which flap $3 isattached. l

. In `the form of theinvention, illustrated in `Figures 18, 19, and 20, abag 80is provided with 1acollar 8|, comprising twohingedly related, segmental portions Bla andi |b. i As in the previously described forms, the mouthvof the bag is stretched over thecollarso thatv it will be retained in distended condition.v The collar is of such vsize as to bridge a'crossthe container, at least across its narrow dimension.V The` carton 0|. When `it is desired to ll the container with liquid-or Iother material the'fbody of the bag 'I will be deposited within they carton in position intov thecontainer even thoughfthe tension of the elastic bag on the' collar has the effect of tendingk to collapse the collar. The bagis then ready. to be filled. After fillingy the'bagV itis as having an elongated,` rectangular'shape withthe greater dimension. somewhat in excess of the diameter ,of the collar preferably filled inja suitable supporting form after which thev collarfis turned to twist the neck with respectk to the'body ofthe b ag, the relation of parts beingfsuch' that the wavy edge portion of the collar will be somewhat imbedded in the upper shoulder portions of thebag. In this way the engagement of the collar and shoulder portions of the bag will prevent' untwistng of the collar, and subsequent freezing of the liquid inside the bag will cause a permanent retention of the collar with respect to the bag until the contents 'have been thawed. y

In some yinstances it is also desirableto select a size of collarv which will frictionally fit against the inside surfaces of thecarton whenthe kcollar has been insertedy therewithin. By so doing, the rotation of the collar to untwist the neck ofthe bag will be resisted. If desired, the shape of the closed or collapsed by vmovingthe' segments Blu andA 0|b into facial contactfand then rotating the collapsed collarl to twist the lneck of vthe bag. This form of collar'is convenient for suchpurpose forI the reason that the twisting may be doneI manually with the fingers of one hand. After closing the neck of the bag the collar, while'in' Y collapsed form, will be positioned flatwise on top ofthe bag andV within the'mouth of the carton so that subsequent closingv of `the carton by turning in the closurefiaps will retain the collar; in

this position. i

.It is to be noted that either'of the segmental `-portions of ,the vcollar will`serve to keep the mouth of the bag distended and to facilitate twisting 'of the neck portion sothat, if desired, one of the segmental portions'can be dispensed with.

In the form of the invention illustrated in Figures 21 and 22, a bag |00 is provided having ai collar |0| which-is preferably of circular form and has a lower edge 'portion |02 having a wavy conformation. The carton |03( employed with this type of collar `is preferably squarein plan and has closure flaps |0,4,`|04 and |05,- |05. `This form/of invention is advantageously employed when' it'is desired to package liquids which are to be frozen in the'bag before the introduction of* the filled bag into the cartonf` The bag is collar may be as described' withput the provision of the wavy conformation on the lower edge of the collar.

In the form of theinvention illustrated in Fig'- ure 23, a bag |20'is provided having a collar |2| secured to the bag in a similar manner to that previouslyv described. The bag, when filled, is adapted to be inserted into a carton |22 ofjelongated, rectangular form in plan. VThe collarv |2| is of such size that, when in rounded form; its diameter issufiicientto cause'the collar to bridge the narrow dimension of the carton. In thisposition, the collar -will be supported on the upper edges ofthe side walls of the carton forthe purpose of enabling the bag to be lled. After filling the bag and turning the collar to twist the neck of the bag, the collar may be inserted within the top part of the container by distorting it to oval form. y The long dimension of the cartonl will, of

course, be sufficient to accommodate the collar in its elongatedv condition. Due to this construction, the collar will be frictionally held within the top part of the cartonwhich ywill prevent the neck'of the bag from becoming untwisted. When' it isdesiredto dispense all or a. portion of the contentsv of the container, the collar is removed lfromthe upper partof thecarton, turnedto untwistthe neck and the collar is then allowed to'rest on the edgesof the carton side walls `in which condition the contents mayk readilybe dispensed.

Instead of the use ofa rectangular shaped4 container a round or cylindrical shape may -be employed, and, as stated above, a collar of such size as to frictionallyt within the interior of the container is selected to prevent the neck from untwistingv and also to--insure the retention of the collar in place withiny the container when it is desired to dispense the contents of the bag. In

suchy forms of collarand containenthe collar,y

could be adhesively secured to -the container walls after the neck of the bag was sealed by twisting, and when it is desired to dispense theA neck portion 3| within which a closure element |32 is adapted-to be'secured. The closure element |32 is selected of such size as to t within the upper end of thecontainer |33 herein shown as provided with closure flaps |34, |35` |35 and After llingtheb'ag |30, the closure |32 is in- I 32 and made sufficiently large so that the closure may pass through the funneland into the neck of the bag after it has been filled; thus, the mouth ofthe bag will grasp around theedges of the closureand the closure will thus be held in a closed position. By further twisting the neck of the bag as illustrated in Figure25, the

bag may be thus` sealed by the twist and 'when Q the closure is in position within the upper part of the container, untwisting of the neck will be prevented.

This form of invention is useful in instances in which the user follows the practice of cutting t a hole in the side or bottom portions ofv thebag to dispense all'of the contentsi? one time, it being unnecessary to provide a'v dispensing `and reclosing opening as inthe case of the otherr described modiiied forms. v

From the foregoing description it is apparent thererv is provided an effectivea'rrangement for the shipment and retention of liquids 'within paperboard cartons without requiringl special .treatment of the carton to render itliquid tight,

there being provided,'in lieu of specially treating the carton, a light, inexpensive, flexible bag or other'exible lining means serving as the immediate `container for the liquid or other material. If it is'desired to use the entire contents f at once, the sidelor bottom of the bagmay be .cut to form an opening therein or, inthe event the bag is provided with a reinforcing rim member inthe neck of thebag, such rim memberv can be manipulated to untwist the neck so that part of the contentswill be dispensed, after which the neck may be again 'twisted to hermetically seal the remainder of the contents within the bag.

The constructions of containers herein described are particularly advantageous for use in connection with the storage and shipment of relatively large individual quantities of liquid products Asuch as eggs in fluid form after removal from the shell, fruit juices and other liquid products which are found desirable to. be packed in quantities ten to one hundred pounds or more for use in bakeries, restaurants and otherv commercial establishments. v

Referring to Figures 27 to 31, inclusive, illustrating a method of employing flexible bags and containers to provide hermetically sealed packages according to the invention, an elastic bag |40 is secured toa collar |4|, as previously described, in connection withFigures 1, 27and 3.

A.For purposes of completeness of description of e thisY form of the invention, the bag is considered as comprising threeA principal parts, namely, a

, material-retaining portion |42, an elongated neck portion |43 and a mouth portion |43a. The bag -is illustrated as being in the formof a straight,

assembledewith the container |44 with the, collar resting upon the upper edges of the ycontainer walls, the assembly is then ready for filling and may be filled from any convenient source of Inaterial supply through pipe or nozzle indicated at |49. The material, herein for convenience referred to as liquid, is indicated at |50 and, in practice, a substantially predetermined amount of liquid will bev filled into the bag; The size of the container |44 and the bag |40 will preferably be so selected that, when* the predetermined amount of liquid'has bee'njintroduced into the bag, the'level of theliquid will rise to a point v which is a short distance below the upper edges maintained ina stretchedcondition'with-the liqof the container, the liquid level being indicated -by dotted lines in Figure 28.

, VWhen the bag has been filled with the required amount of liquid', the next `step is to close the bagr in such manner as to exclude substantially all excess air, that i's, it is desirable to 'exclude all air fromy the bagv between the level of the liquid and the point of sealing. For this purpose the mouth portion of the bag 'is pulled upwardly, as

indicated inFigure 29, causing theneckportion |43 to stretch and causing the liquid level |50 in the bag to rise somewhat above the level shown in Figure 28. While the neck portion `Uli! is uid level raised, the neck will'be given'an initial twisting by turni-ng the mcnith portion of the bag and the operator, by carefully controlling the stretching of the neck and the twisting ofthe bag, can cause complete collapse of `the neck .portion at a point substantially at the level"` of Athe liquid in the bag. The action vof turning the mouth portionis then continued sufficiently to insure that y'when the external force is relieved from the mouth portion of vthe bag, the rtwist in theneck-'portion will 'continue to retain the bag in sealed condition. In practice, `the mouth portion will be given almost onecomplete turn before the operatory is required to exercise care in controllingthe neck portion, ras above stated, to close the'twist at the liquid `level and," after the twist has closed the neck; the operator `preferably gives the neck portionan additional complete rotation tol assure the maintenance of a seal when the stretching force on the neck is released. Figure 30 illustrates the condition of the bagafter completionl of the seal and before tension on the mouth portion has been released.

After the ,bag lhas-been lled and sealed, as above described the collar |4| willbe tted into the upper part of the'container |44 as shown in Figure 3l.` Due to 'the `relationshipbetween the collar and the side walllsof'` the container, untwistingfof the neck of the vbag will be prevented.

- "The, container isthen ready vto be closed for left yopen for freezing thefcontents afterv which lit may be 'closed to condition it for'shipment.'

In vcertain cases the liquidtl'evel |50 may be vcaused to riseabove the point oftwist in the neck e portion, thereby causing a small portion of the body of the liquid to beleft above the twist. This insures the exclusion of substantially all readily l excludable air since the twist occurs within the ...After the bag has beensecured to theicollar y I4l, as illustrated in Figure-27, it is. then transferred to a container |44 which is illustrated as being of the same type as shown inl Figures 1, 4 and 5, and comprises side walls |45, |46, |41 and |48. Y

After the bag, with collar attached, has been body of 'the liquid. The small excess of liquid abovel the 'point of twist will "bediscarded by tipping 'or inverting the bag after completing thetwist.` 4 l,

If it isdesired `to employ in this process bags which arey nonel'astic,t this may be accomplished bylling the bag as indicated in Figure 28 and carton by lifting andtwisting the mouth portion and at the same time flexing the` side walls inwardly to cause the liquid, level to rise to substantially the point at where the twist Occurs in the neck. The remaining operations may be carried out in substantially the same manner. as above described. f

Although the invention has been hereinabove described in connectionfwith a collar or similar device for facilitating fillingand twisting. of the flexible'bag itis not necessary that such a device be employed and a preferred form of the invention lwill now be described in` detail which does not require a collar element and is exceptionally easy' to use on a large scale.

Referring to Figures 32 to i37, inclusivel illus-v trating this preferred container and the method f ofjemploying it`,.a carton |60 of fibreboard or the likejwhich may suitably be a solid fibre cartoncoated with a waterproofing comDOSition, is selected, and set up by any suitable bottom closure means. As shown in Figure 32, carton |60 is of. elongated rectangular shape having top closureflaps |6|, |62, |63 and |64, flaps |6|.and |63 being integral with the end walls but setpff the closurenof the caton and, so may be equipped with any suitable typeof lock, butas shown they .are simple overlapping flaps adapted to be secured by stapling, gluing or other conventional means.

Carton |60 can be of the simple slotted typev in which the flaps |6|, |62, |63 and |64 are substantially rectangular in s hape, but certainadditional advantages are obtained by using the die cut carton. shown in Figures 32 to 3'7, inclusive,

and the description' of the invention will proceed with reference thereto, although the invention isi-not so limited. It is` preferred, therefore, that the side edges of flaps |62 and |64 should have a slight taper and that the length or height of these flaps should be approximately the. same as that of flaps |6| `and |63, for reasons which will be explained below. If this is impractical because of the lockingvarrangements or for any other reason, the flaps |62 and |64 can be some- `what longer than flaps |6| and |63'if their outer corners are properly roundedso asf to give a smooth upper edge when the fiaps |6|, |62, |63 and |64 are in the position shown in Figure 33.

Flaps |6| and |63 are provided with two sets of notches on their side edges, the notches |69 being relatively close to the end of each of said flaps and the ,notches |10 beingA relatively close to their respective end walls. These flaps are ing -the bodyportion thereof to occupy carton |60. It will be understood that up to this 'point I score 1ines |65, |66, |61 and |68 willnot have been broken, the fiaps |6|, |62, |63 and |64 being in the position shown in Figure 32 merely for the purpose of better illustrating the form of the carton 60. Furthermore the notches |69 are not absolutely essential but may be omitted.

The bag is now ready for filling, and this can be donein the conventional manner. Liquid and .other fluent materials will generally'be introduced at ordinary temperatures, but relatively small solid commodities, such as peas, lima beans, etc. are preferably loose frozen by a fast freezing lprocess vand then poured into. the bag |1|. On'e of the great advantages of the present method is Athe large filling opening provided thereby and the substantial Aelimination of any Wayfor the material being packaged from gainingfaccess yto the space between carton |60 and .bag |1|.

The top of bag |1| is then disengaged from notches |69, the flap |6|, |62, |63 and'|64 are bent outwardly' and the upper portion of :the bag is twisted at least two turns under controlled tension as hereinabove described to cause the seal to occur at a point at which substantially,

all excess air is excluded from the interior of the bag. The simplest method of accomplishing attain the proper liquid' level, and rotate the carton to produce the twisted air-tightseal. Then the mouth of bag |1| is stretched over the end of eitherflap |6| or fiap |63, which has' been bent inwardly for the purpose, so that it is engaged by notches |69 thereon and the seal is maintained. As illustrated in Figure 35 the top of bagy |1| is stretched over fiap |63, and flaps |6|, |62 and l|64 are then folded inwardly and locked o r sealed in any suitable manner. A package is thus obtainedwhich, if kept under the proper temperature conditions, will maintain its contents in perfect condition throughout the subsequent freezing operation, if any,'shipment and againstuntwisting.- The configuration of the adapted to underlie flaps |62 and |64, and preff .erably have equal lengths or heights such that when f olded toward each other, their extremities do not meet but leave a small slit extending across the carton. A

. Proceeding now to the methodof my invention,

' a bag |1| of liquid-tight flexible material similar to the bag |0 shown in Figure 1 yis inserted into with itsV top or mouth portion stretched over the ends of flaps |6|, |62,A |63 and |64 and engaged in the notches |69 as illustrated in Figure 33. In order to accomplish this, carton |60 islheld in upright position by a template or the like (not shown), flaps |62 and |64 are inclined slightly inward, flaps |6| and |63` are urged inward against the lateral edges of flaps |62- and |64, and stretching the top 'of bag |1| of the advantages of the invention will be retained if they are substantially rectangular in Shape, Y

' Figure 36 illustrates a variation of the above describedprocedure especially applicable to the 'larger sizes of cartons in which a' key |12 0f paperboard or the like is inserted in the mouth vof the bag in place of the hand of the operator The key |12 is preferably of a length lstretched over the notches |69 in nap ISI or V|63 ashereirlabove described.

removed from `key |12 after twistingand Liquids, whenjfrozen, forma 'rigid mass inside the package.' Thus, after freezing, the package possesses an abnormally high crush resistance and may be stacked to considerable heights without 'danger of bulging the'lowermost tier. Loose, fluent material lacks the property of consolidating into a rigid mass, but I have found that if, after filling the flexible and impermeable bag with loose material, the particles `of which are relatively rigid (loose frozen peas will serve as an example), the package is vvibrated and air is removed from its interior, a package is pro- 4duced which has high crush resistance. 'Air may be removed, for example, by gathering the neck of the bag IH against afvacuum pipe.

As a result ofthe combinedeffect of vibration,

' removal of the' air and the constricting force up-v on the particles due to external airk pressure working through the wallsofthe bag, the particles are brought into and maintained inclosepacked condition. Hermetically'sealing the neck of the bag maintains this close-packed, rigid condition permanently. Further if the bag be elastic as well as flexible and impervious, filling the bag with suiiicient material torstretch the elastic walls and vibrating willbe 'enough and no air exhausting step will be necessary, for the contractile force of the bagrthen takesth place of the pressure diiierential between theinside and outside of the bag. `Hei-'metio sealing may be secured in the manner already described.` Exhausting theair is, however,`preferredbecause this step, particularly in the case of foods, materially lessens the possibility of oxidation of the contents.

' When the contents have been forced into and maintained in close-packed condition, the rigidity is practically equivalent to a solid mass. Such packages of loose solid material have, therefore, about the same resistance to crushing asdo those containing masses of solid, frozen liquid.

In'orderto use all or a portion of the material packaged as described above, it is only necessary to thaw it if frozen, yunlock or unseal the top closure, fold flaps IBI, |62 and |64 outward along the corresponding cartonwalls, remove the top of bag from ap |63 and fold the latter in the same way, untwist the top of bag and stretch itover the top of carton |60 and over the folded flaps so that yit engages notches |'|0. From Figure 37, which illustrates the'container at this stage, it will be apparent that allv ora'part of s t the contents of bag `|1|'can readily be poured or If all of the material is dispensed therefrom. not used at. one time, the package can be closed by reversing the procedure described.

`From the foregoing it is apparent that `convenient methods have been described for sealing vfluent and other materials withinbags irrespective of whether or not they are elastic, merely flexible and not elastic, or provided with elastic material only adjacent the mouth thereof.

This application is a continuation in part of my copending application Serial '.Number 350,853, filed August 3, 1940.l

While the foregoing description se'tsforth certain preferred forms of the present invention, numerouschanges may be'made in the construction without `deviating` from thev spirit thereof, and it is therefore desired that the present embodiments be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, reference being had flap fil

to the appended claims rather thanto the `foregoing description toindicate the scope ofy the invention. I "Iclaim:

1. An improved package comprising a lcontainer of fibre-board orthe likefhaving a body pori tion and a plurality of iiaps'hingedly attached to said body portion tol form a top closure therefor, and a bag-like lining element of flexible,'liquid jirnpervious material, having a mouth portion sealed' by twisting thel material adjacent said mouth portion, said mouth portion of said lining element gripping one of said flaps to prevent untwisting of the mouth. i 'l 2*. An improved package comprising. a container having a body portion and aV plurality Qfnaps lhingedly attached thereto to` forml atop iclosure,

and a bag-like uning element of nexib1e,'11quid impervious material having a mouth '-portiona'nd sealedby twisting adjacent said mouth portion, at leastsaid mouth 'portion of said lining element having elastic characteristicsv and one of vsaid flaps'being inserted in4 said mouth portion and gripped thereby for preventing untwisting" of the mouth.

3. An improved package 'according'toclaim 2 vwherein said body portion is of rectangular crosssection and at least two of said flaps on opposite sides thereof havea length such that theydo not overlap when foldedtoward 'each other, one -of saidiiaps being provided with cut .bak portions or notches on its lateral edges adjacentnitstend y toy receive said extended'mouth portion.

' the neck portion to close the bag, .and removablyv f1. The process of packaging'uent material ror the like which comprises insertinga bag of iiexible material'having a mouth portion `and a neck portion Yadapted to be` closed by twisting into a "container, removablyA securingA the mouth vportion in open position to said corltainer,` filling a major .portionof thebag with saidV fluent material, detachingthe mouth portion and twisting securing the mouth portion with' reference to the container' to prevent untwisting ofthe neck por- 5. The processI of packagingiiiuentmaterial or l thelike which comprises inserting al bag of. flexible and elastic material having a mouth portion and a neck portion adaptedk to be closed bytwisting into a container having top closure flaps,fi`ll ing a major portion of. the bag with said fluent material, twisting the neck portion to close the bag and form a seal, stretching the mouth portion over one of the-top flaps to prevent untwisting of the neck portion, and closing the rest of the flaps to complete the top closure` of the container. l v

6. The method according to claim 14 which includes reducing the air pressure'within the bagy a closure for saidmaterial-receiving portion, and

means for holding saidvmouth portionvin a'fixed position with reference to said container, whereby untwisting of said neck .portion is prevented, said means beinga portion of the container having gripping engagement with the twisted mouth por- -tlonand holding'saidmouth portion in aneximprovedl package for iiuent-or relatively small lsolid materials comprising'A an outer berboard container having top closulreap's'thereon, an elastic bag-like lining element within the conterial to be packaged, twisting 'said neck portion tainer enclosing a desiredquantityA of one of said materials, said bag being twisted to provide a substantiallyvapor-tight seal for the contents thereof, one of said flaps being inserted in the portion of the bag above the twist' seal for securing the portion of the bag above the twist seal against rotational movement, -wherebyuntwisting of the twist seal is prevented. i 9. An improved package Vforflueifit or relatively small solid material comprisingqanlouter Vcontaine'r'ha'vin'g an open end, anA inner container of exible Ymaterial enclosed Awithin the outer container and substantially conforming to the interior thereof, said inner container having'its mouth portion adjacent the open end ofV the 'outer container twisted to form a seal, means'in xed relation to the outer container and of great- "er rigidity than the exlble material `of the inner container and having gripping engagement with the twisted mouth portion for holdingl the mouth in itstwisted position within jtheouter container to preserve the seal, and means for closing the container.

10. An improved package for fluent or relatively small solid materialcomprising an outerjcontainer having an open end,'an inner container of il'exiblev material enclosedwithin the outer container and'substantially conforming tothe interior-thereof, said inner container having its kmouth portion adjacent the open end of the outer containertwisted to form a seal, means carried by the outer container `in xed relation thereto and of greater rigidity than the flexible material of the inner container and having gripping engagement with the twisted mouth por'- tion for holdingthe mouth in its twisted position within the outer container to preserve the seal, and

means for closing the container. f l

1l. An improved package for fluent or relatively small solid material comprising an outer container having an open end, an? inner container of flexible material enclosed within the outer'container and substantially conforming to the interior thereof, said inner container having its mouth portion adjacent the open end of the outer container twisted to form a seal,means carried by the linner container in xed relation to the'outer container and of greater rigidity than the exible material of the inner container and having gripping engagement with thetwisted mouth portion for holding the'mouth in its twisted position with- `in the outer container to preserve the s eal,` and means 'for closing the container.

12. An improved package comprising acontainer having a body portion and a plurality of` flaps hingedly attached thereto to form a top tion sealed by twisting adjacent said mouth portion, at least said mouth 4portion of said lining of the lining element adjacent the mouth portion -thereof to produce a seal, and inserting a portion of the .container in the mouth portion of the lining element for gripping engagement therewith to prevent untwisting of said twisted neck portion, and closing the container...

14. The method of packaging loose uent solid material which comprises inserting an open mouthed bag of elastic material 'in a container to form a lining element, said bag having a material receiving portion, a neck portion and a mouth portion, over-filling said material receiving portion with said material to cause stretching of the'bag wall, subjecting the container, bag and contents to vibration'to cause the. particlesof the contents to be rearranged into close-packing condition, twisting the neck portion to form a twist seal adjacent the contents while said close-packing condition persists tofhold the wall of the bag under tension, inserting a, portion of the container in the mouth portion of'the lining element'for gripping engagementtherewith to prevent unjtwisting ofsaid neck portion,r and closing the container,

v15. A process of packaging fluent material which comprises selecting a vbag of flexible material having a mouthfportion and `a neck portion adapted to be closed by twisting, securing the the like which comprises selecting a bag of flexible material having a .mouth portionk and a neck portion adapted to be closed by twisting, folding.

the mouth portionover. the perpheryof' a relatively rigid-rim member to retain the mouth in open condition, inserting .the bag into a conclosure, and-a bag-like lining element of exible, .liquid-impervious material vhaving a mouth portainer, introducing the material .to be packed into the bag, twisting the neck portion to close the bag, inserting the rim member into the container vto prevent untwisting of the neck portion, and closing the container. y

17. The process of packaging'uent material "or the like which comprises selecting a bag of rubber-like material having a mouth portion and volume of the bag with the material to be packed,

producing a twisting movement in the neck portion whereby a twist will occur at such a point as to cut off a small portion of the bag contents from the body jthereof'thusclosing the bag and excluding excess air therefrom, inserting' the rim member into the container to preventl untwisting of the neck por-tion, `and closing the container. 18.' An improved package vcomprising an outer container, a flexible bag-like lining element within the container having a material' receiving portion, a mouth portion and a neck portion, said neck portion being twisted to lform a seal for the contents of said material receiving portion, and

la relatively rigid rim member secured to said mouth portion and in f rictional contact with said outer container to prevent untwisting of said neck portion.

19. An improved package comprising an outer container of polygonal cross-section, a ilexible bag within the container having a material receiving portion, a mouth portion, and a neck portion, said neck portion being twisted to form a vseal for the contents of said material-receiving portion, and a relatively rigid rim member sey cured to said mouth portion, said rim member being of such size and conguration that it engages the walls of said container, whereby untwisting of said neck portion is prevented.`

20. An improved package according to claim 19 wherein said bagis made of vapor-impervious elastic material.

21. 'I'he combination of atubular outer container provided with an end opening, a bag-like lining element receivable within said containerhaving a. material-receiving portion, a mouth portion and a exible neck portion, and relatively rigid retention means secured to said mouth portion for engaging said container to prevent rotational movement of said mouth portion relative to said container.

22. The combination of claim 21 wherein at tially conforming in outline to thevcross-section of said container, whereby untwisting of said neck portion is prevented.

24. An improved packagecomprising an outer y container of rectangular cross-section, a ilexible and elastic bag within the container having a material-receiving portion, a mouth portion and a neck portion, said neck portion being twisted to Vform a seal for the contents of said material-receiving portion, and a relatively rigid rim member secured to said mouth portion by being stretched thereover, said rim member being adapted to be received in said container and provided with hingedly connected marginal ilaps extendingY downwardly adjacent the side walls of said container, whereby untwisting of said neck portion is prevented.

25. An improved package comprising an outer container of rectangular cross-section, a flexible and elastic bag within the container having a material-receiving portion, a mouth portion and a neck portion, said neck portion being twisted to form a. seal for ,the contentsof said materialreceiving portion, andV a relatively rigid rim` member secured to said mouth portion by being stretched thereover, said rim member compris-v ing a pair of hingedly connected portions having. one of their lateral dimensions vgreater than smallest distance between oppositely disposed side walls, whereby utwisting of said neck portion is prevented.

RICHARD R. WALTON.

ber secured to said mouth portion by being stretched thereover, said rim member substan-` 

